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Don╒t get mad ╤ get н8┬MIFFEdн9┬! Д{-;` Дs└_ (j(MIFFEd) is a library of C functions that make it easier to write programs to generate and modify └n @@documents in Frame Technology╒s Maker Interchange Format (MIF). Д~└У ■ zEvery ╟underlined termн in this text is a ╟hypertext linkн to the thing it names. Put the cursor over one 0└в ■ААof these underlined links: For the tutorial: 2│page2н3For the function reference: 4│page38н5 DIf the cursor is an arrow, the document is locked╤just click to go! @oIf the cursor is a hairline, strike these 4 keys in sequence: escape shift-F ell k to lock it. Then click! Д|└х ¤(bThis document and the *MIFFEd+ code are ╟copyright й 1994-1998н David E. Cortesi. └Ї ¤АHRFor ╟your licenseн to distribute and use, see ,│page5н.. WД}K┴ №`a╥Frame,╙ ╥FrameMaker,╙ ╥FrameViewer╙ and ╥FrameBuilder╙ are registered trademarks of Adobe Corp. ┬d┴h┌ГcГc┬4┴P█┬4┴P┴: яВIВxГcWЖK6@l3/╢ ■Tutorial Topics ╤ Click to Go 0 "└╪┬9\1 head 1o┴╔] o┴╔┬8o┬d┴hcГdГdo┴╔_ o┴╔┬8oкW└└╔░Л`@aкW└└╔░Л`@кW└└╤┐|кW└└╤┐|N1 head 1"┴┬9 i" 2 head 2└╜┴{j └╜┴{┬8└╜└Р└є┴╔k "└Р└є┴╔┬Y└є└Р└є*└ЁЯ└░Л`@m!*└ЁЯ└░Л`@*└∙_<*└∙_<N2 head 2┬4┴8d┬4┴8┴ГdЕ6l31What Is н:╢MIFFEdн;╢? Б+-╡╪,j<MIFFEd= is a library of C functions that make it easier to write programs to generate and modify └D╪D@documents in Frame Technology╒s Maker Interchange Format (MIF). Бs└Z░ lH>MIFFEd? (rhymes with ╥rift╙) provides C functions that let you Бt└o░ $^Read MIF syntax from a file and store it in memory as a linked sequence of items, each item └~░ D#representing a MIF syntactic unit. Бu└Р░ $aNavigate a sequence of items, locating document units by name╤for example, finding each ╥Para╙ └Я░ D1unit in a text flow, or each ╥Row╙ in a ╥Table.╙ Е4└▒░ $^Extract the ASCII text from a MIF paragraph╤with the special characters, or skipping them, or └└░ DHconverting them to \xnn form, and with or without the embedded markers. Бv└╥░ dGGenerate additional MIF units from program variables and expressions. Бw└ъ$eModify a sequence of items, deleting items, changing items, and inserting new items that have been └є░ D4generated by your program or read from other files. QБx┴░ dcWrite a sequence of items to a file in MIF syntax, ready to be loaded or imported by FrameMaker. ┬d┴h■ГeГe┬4┴8 $┬4┴8┴ ЇГeБy-dJThese abilities open the way to many interesting possibilities, including Бz$cPrograms that extract information from a document and summarize it, report on it, or store it in ,D other forms such as a database. Б{>d9Filters that convert MIF to some other document format. Б|N$cFilters that produce MIF from another form of document or from data stored in other ways, such as _Da database. Б}q$`Filters that systematically modify FrameMaker documents in ways simple or complex; for example └Аla filter that eliminates all variable definitions that are not actually referenced in the text, or a filter ~DTthat changes the pathname to every external cross-reference in some systematic way. Б~└д$[Programs like these still require in-depth knowledge of FrameMaker╒s document contents and └│gconventions, and also require C programming skills. Nevertheless they should be easier to achieve with └┬╪L^@MIFFEdA than without it. As an example here is the simplest BMIFFEdC filter: Б7ЗUT└╤-dd#include В└▐-bd#include ╥miffed.h╙ В┴░dmain(int argc, char **argv) Вd{ Вd:writeMIF(stdout, readMIF(stdin,0), OUT_EOL+OUT_INDENT); AВd} ┬d┴h!ГfГf┬4┴8"&┬4┴8┴ ■ГfВ-$eThis reads MIF from standard input and writes it to standard output. The only difference between the einput and output is that all redundant spaces and end-of-line comments in the input are omitted from ж╪АLuthe output. (You can code the example so as to produce an exact copy, see н`│writeMIF│()н№.) В1ЙUT└D-dlI'How Is нD▒MIFFEdнE▒ Licensed and Supported? В-└Z░,uThe FMIFFEdG package, comprising source code, header files, and this document, are Copyright ┴ун1994 └i░D3David Cortesi, 2340 Tasso St., Palo Alto CA 94301. В└И.,kPermission is hereby granted to reproduce the HMIFFEdI package and to incorporate parts of it into └П`>eother programs without charge subject to two conditions: first, when any part of JMIFFEdK is └Ю`>fincorporated as an executable part of software that you distribute to other people, the documentation └о8Niboth printed and electronic of that software must cite the use of ╥The LMIFFEdM package by David └╢ шpCortesi╙; second, that whenever NMIFFEdO or any part of it is distributed in readable or source form by └═^D2any means, this notice must be included verbatim. В └тшn,nPMIFFEdQ is a spare-time project of its author. It is distributed without charge, and you receive it └ёшnD%AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTEE OF ANY KIND. ЕA┴└~,nYou must make an informed judgement as to whether RMIFFEdS is suitable for any use. If for any reason P┴ШОLEyou cannot make that judgement, YOU SHOULD NOT USE TMIFFEdU. ┬d┴h$ГgГg ┬4┴8%(┬4┴8┴1 ■ГgВ -$^Send bug reports and suggestions for improvement to: cortesi@dsp.net. If you send a report, a Ч╪rsuggestion, or a comment on VMIFFEdW I will add your name to a list of people to be informed of fixes and ж╪Dnew versions. ЖB1ЙUT└D-dl4 вHow Does MIFFEd Compare to Frame╒s Client API? ЖF-└Y╪$ZYou probably know that Frame supports a ╥Client API╙ that enables you to add functions to └h╪gFrameMaker itself. You order the Client API software developer╒s kit from Adobe. With it you can write 0└xZ╚`a ╥client╙ program that extends FrameMaker or FrameBuilder with new or changed menus and dialog bboxes and with new functions. Your client program has full access to the memory image of all open D5documents through an elaborate library of functions. ЖG└л░lVThe main differences between н ЧMIFFEdо and the Client API are as follows: ЖH└░}F,jThe Client API toolkit is supported by Adobe and costs money. ЩMIFFEd Ш is one person╒s spare-time └╨И.DBproject and is free (subject to the rules on the preceding page). ЖI└у`>,pAn API client is part of the runtime, interactive Frame products. A ЫMIFFEd Ъ client is a batch-oriented └Є`>Dcommand-line utility. ЖJ┴8N,jAPI clients access document parts as loaded and held by Frame at runtime. ЭMIFFEd Ь clients access ┴^jMIF syntax as saved to disk by Frame. ЯMIFFEd Ю handles the syntax of MIF but does not distinguish ┴$^bbetween different kinds of Frame objects╤it is up to your program to know the semantic difference P┴коDIbetween a and a for example, and to treat them differently. ┬d┴h'ГhГh ┬4┴8(*┬4┴8└° ■ ГhВ6l-иWhat Is Maker Interchange Format (MIF)? В-5$bMaker Interchange Format (MIF) is a readable text language used to describe a document created by DYFrameMaker, the publishing product from Adobe. Normally FrameMaker stores documents in a 0Tbproprietary, binary format. MIF is an alternative representation that makes it possible for other D:programs to read, modify, or create FrameMaker documents. В 1ЙUT└UTlлHow Is MIF Documented? В-└Ф ■$gThe syntax of MIF is defined by Adobe. It is documented in an excellent reference manual, the ┬MIF B└г ■hReferenceн. That manual contains an overview of the purpose of MIF, gives details of its syntax and -└икиDasemantics, and contains many examples of how to create and modify MIF using ordinary text tools. В└╟ ■$fThe ┬MIF Referenceн is distributed with FrameMaker 5.5 as one of the online manuals (a set of └╓ ■^FrameMaker files which you can read or print using FrameMaker. ) For FrameMaker 4, the manual p└╦URcwas available from a support bulletin board or on request from Frame Technologies. If you now have DMFrame 4, you can perhaps get the ├MIF Referenceн from Adobe support. ┬d┴h*ГiГi┬4┴8+,┬4┴8┴" ■ГiВ1ЙUTЦUTlоHow Can MIF Be Learned? В-л ■$cIn order to understand MIF, you must first understand FrameMaker. You need to be familiar with all ║ ■bthe kinds of objects that FrameMaker can store in a document and how they are used. Then you will └JкиD=recognize these same objects when they appear in a MIF file. В└^ ■$]The best way to understand MIF is by experiment. You have FrameMaker; so you have a tool for └m ■Dbgenerating MIF and for validating it. If you want to know how some object is represented in MIF: В└В ■dMake a new, empty, document В└Ф ■d@Create one or two instances of the object you are curious about В└ЬURdSave the document as MIF ВdOEdit the ASCII MIF file with a text editor and observe the MIF for the objects Вd:Make a small change in the MIF text with the text editor ВdBOpen the changed MIF file using FrameMaker and observe the result В└ё ■$aAnytime you need to know how to generate MIF for Frame to read, just use FrameMaker to create an ┴ ■gexample of what you want to see; save it as MIF; and edit the MIF. Typically what you need to generate p└╫квcis much simpler than what Frame writes, since Frame is very liberal about supplying default values D0for missing MIF statements when it imports MIF. ┬d┴h-ГjГj┬4┴8..┬4┴8┴1 °Гj Е1ЙUTЧQhl*How Does ▒╡MIFFEd┤ Parse MIF? Е.-н╘",nVery rapidly! ╖MIFFEd╢ has an advantage over Frame because it does not try to recognize the different ╝╘"fstatements of MIF. It only examines the superficial syntax of words, quoted strings, and numbers, all └Lм2Lxcontained within ░н. For this easy kind of parsing ╣MIFFEd╕ uses a fast, finite-state algorithm. Дm└bДB,kWhen the XMIFFEdY parser finds a syntax error, it writes a diagnostic message and does its best to └r\RААencode the erroneous text as нZ░WORDн[ items (see \│How does MIFFEd Handle Errors?│, 35н]). This usually └Б\RDSpreserves the input text for examination and allows it to be reproduced on output. Е1ЙUT└Ю▒жlE▒What MIF Does н║▒MIFFEdн╗▒ Not Support? Е-└╡4`,z╜MIFFEd╛ does not support every feature of MIF. ┐MIFFEd└ ├doesн recognize all MIF syntax as it is └─4`bgenerated by FrameMaker 4 when doing a Save As... in MIF format. The features not (yet) supported └┼\D_are extra syntax supported by the Frame MIF interpreter on input only. Here are the specifics. Е1ЙUT└ьЙ┤l┴Include Files Е-┴nlZ^MIFFEd_ does not recognize the ░includeн statement of MIF. The statement Е07ЗUT┴a┬dinclude (╘pathstring╒) Е1-$fis parsed as a word ╥include╙, a word ╥(╥, a string ╥pathstring╙, and another word ╥)╙ with two error PDJdiagnostics on the parens, which are unexpected characters to the parser. ┬d┴h0ГkГk ┬4┴810┬4┴8┴ ЎГk Е1ЙUT░UTl─Macros Е-└F╪la`MIFFEda does not recognize the ░defineн (macro) statement of MIF. The statement Е27ЗUT└U-bddefine(╘this╒ ╘that╒) Е3-└h╪dMparses as a series of word and string items, with diagnostics on the parens. Е 1ЙUT└В-`l╟Comment Brackets Е -└Ч╪ $mMIF supports bracketed comments using the ░н syntax, which allows nested └з░lcomments, and allows comenting-out portions of MIF text. bMIFFEdc accepts this syntax as valid MIF, └╢░pbut does not give it any special treatment. Syntax errors within a bracketed comment are ╟notн ignored, └Э░D$although they are ignored by Frame. Е1ЙUT└▀nl╩Pathnames Е-└їИ(,lMIF uses a system-independent syntax for file paths. dMIFFEde will read a MIF path as a string item ┴И(DUbut does not have facilities for parsing one, or for opening a file from a pathname. Е 1ЙUT┴▌|d WЕ-┴3И&d ┬d┴h3ГlГl┬4┴842┬4┴8┴ ■ГlВ6l7═How Is нf╢MIFFEdнg╢ Used? В-╡╪,nYou use hMIFFEdi as part of a C program that reads or writes MIF. You have to decide what the program └E░ Lis to do; the ┬MIF Referenceн will give you plenty of ideas. You call on functions in the jMIFFEdk library to: В└Z░ d read MIF from one or more files В└l░ d*generate MIF statements from program data В └y░ dmodify MIF in memory В!dwrite MIF to one or more files В#1ЙUT└оtl╨What╒s an Item? В"-└─И.,yThe central idea of mMIFFEdn is that it represents MIF in memory as a sequence of ┬itemsн. An item is an └╙И.\object that holds the value of one MIF token╤one word, one number, one comment, or one list └цZ╚Dcontaining other items. В%└ўИ.d3Every item has at least two pieces of information: В&└їт·dfA text value (a character string), for example the text of a word or a number, or the name of a list. QВ'┴И.d(A pointer to the next item in sequence. ┬d┴h6ГmГm┬4┴874┬4┴8┴&ББГmВ(-$cItems are chained in a sequence. The last item in a chain has a NULL pointer. Here╒s an example of DMIF: В)7ЗUTеUTd" > В*-╣╪ l[ бMIFFEd а represents this statement in memory as the following items:╝ В,┴╪$bThe items are chained in their textual sequence, so by following the next-item pointers (shown in RD┴"╪omagentaн) you read out the original syntax. In addition, each list has a direct pointer to its end-of-list ┬d┴h9ГnГn┬4┴8:6┬4┴8┴$ №Гn В,-pitem (┼blueн). This allows you to skip over the contents of a list. Also each list has a pointer to its Dbcontaining list (╞greenн), if any, so you can work your way up out of a nested statement. В.1ЙUT┤UTl╙What╒s in miffed.h? -└J╪,vYou declare the names of oMIFFEd functions in your program by including the header ░miffed.hн, which └Z░ndeclares all the pMIFFEdq functions as external. It also declares two types and two enumerations that └i░Dyou╒ll use a lot. 1ЙUT└Гrl╓The ItemTypes Enumeration 0└ЩИ,,menum ItemTypesн declares names for the valid kinds of Items that rMIFFEds builds in memory as it -└иИ,Dparses MIF syntax: В2└╛`<lGthe ╜░WORDн╗, from an alphanumeric token such as ╥Yes╙ В3└╨8LlMthe ┐░CMTн╛ (comment), from text between ╥#╙ and end of line В4└▐╡РlOthe ┴░STRINGн└, from text between left and right `apostrophes╒ В5l[the ├░NUMBERн┬, from a numeric token with an optional unit such as 3.25 pt В6lTthe ┼░LISTн─, from a bracket ╥<╥ followed by a name such as ╥╙ and an optional #comment after it AВ8lYthe ╚░NAн╔ (not applicable), the type of an invalid or null item pointer ┬d┴h<ГoГo┬4┴8=8┬4┴8┴) №ГoВ9-И╪А,АEach item in memory contains its own type. The type of an item is returned by the ╩│itemType│()н╦ function. Ш░ LiOther tMIFFEdu functions test the type of items you pass as arguments, before operating on them. В:1ЙUT▓tl┘The itemHandle Typedef В;-└G░$tThe name ░itemHandleн is simply a typedef for ░void*н, but it stands for a pointer to a MIF item in └WИ.LYmemory. Almost every vMIFFEdw function takes or returns an ░itemHandleн. В<└lИ.$pFunctions that take an ░itemHandleн check the item type of the referenced item, and do nothing if it is └|`>Lotype ═░NAн╠. This protects xMIFFEdy to some degree against being passed a bad pointer. В=└С`>$fFunctions that should return an ░itemHandleн but cannot╤because of invalid arguments, lack of └б8N~memory, or an internal error╤return н╧░NULLн╬ instead. Also, functions that search for an item and do not └гk(LGfind it, return н╤░NULLн╨ to indicate ╥not found.╙ В>1ЙUT└╩e▓l"▐The UnitMeasures Enumeration В?-└р\dfFrame supports a specific set of typographic measures. The ░enum UnitMeasuresн declares them: В@└їшll7╙╣um_ptн╥, the point (1/72 of an inch) ВA┴└|l:╒╣um_pcн╘, the pica (1/6 inch, 12 points) ВB└Ўгvl.╫╣um_inн╓, the inch (2.54 cm) AВCl*┘╣um_cmн╪, the centimeter ┬d┴h?ГpГp┬4┴8@:┬4┴8fГpВD-И╪l*█╣um_mmн┌, the millimeter ВEЫ░ l0▌╣um_ccн▄, the Cicero (4.52 mm) ВFе░ l3▀╣um_ddн▐, the Didot (1/12 Cicero) ВGl@с╣um_naнр, the unrecognized or unspecified unit ВH└W8P,oWhen zMIFFEd{ parses MIF text and recognizes a number, it saves the following unit (if any) inside the P└g`АLАу░NUMBERнт item. The use of numbers and units is explored further starting on нц│page24нх. ┬d┴hBГqГq┬4┴8C<┬4┴8└ ГqЖL6ЬDl$The ╢ иMIFFEd з Functions ВV-╢D$^These declarations ╤ the itemHandle and the ItemTypes and UnitMeasures enumerations ╤ are the └F(lnames you use when coding calls to the functions of гMIFFEd!. There are many of these functions but └U(Dthey fall into these groups: ЖM└j(d(Input functions to read MIF from a file ЖN└В8PdAGeneration functions to create items in memory from program data ЖOd3Editing functions, for testing and modifying items ЖPd@Navigation functions, for traversing up and down lists of items ЖCdLParagraph text extraction functions, for pulling ASCII text from a document ЖQdNOutput functions for writing items out as a MIF file, to be imported by Frame ЖRdGMiscellaneous functions, for recycling items and creating binary trees AЖSd;The rest of this text is about the use of these functions. ┬d┴hEГrГr┬4┴8F>┬4┴8┴ ■ГrВI1ЙUTЦUTl"▀How is MIF Read from a File? ВJ-л ■$hThere are two functions that read MIF text from a file and convert it to items in memory. Both take the ║ ■D[standard type ░FILE*н as the first argument, and both read that file line by line. ВK└O ■$`The second argument specifies whether you want to retain #comments with items stored in memory. └^ ■iYou retain them if you want to write those items out later, as a duplicate of a Frame MIF file. You omit 0└hкиethe comments if you don╒t plan to write the items later, or don╒t care whether the output looks like ]Frame╒s. (Omitting comments also saves some memory, although not very much, because most MIF └М╪Lccomments are repetitive and }MIFFEd| does not store duplicate copies of repeated strings.) ВL└в░А,Ачш│readMIF│()нъ consumes all of a file. It creates a sequence of items and returns the ░itemHandleн of the first. └▓И.АL_You use ы│readMIF│()нь when you want the whole MIF file in memory at once. ВM└╚`>А,АэЁ│readOneItem│()н stops reading when it has processed one complete item. You use it to read a Frame MIF └╪8NААfile in portions╤first the ░н, then the ░н, and so on. You use д│readOneItem│()н е └ч8Nkwhen you want to deal with the file in sections, or when you are only interested in only one section, such └ё`<D:as the ░н or a ░н. QЖD┴8Nd ┬d┴hHГsГs┬4┴8I@┬4┴8┴. °ГsЕ1ЙUTЦUTl( жHow are Items Generated in Memory? ВN-л ■dKYou can generate MIF items in memory using program literals and variables. ВO└A╪А,АFor each item type there is a ╥new╙ function that makes an item of that type. For example, Ё│newString│()ня └Q░Аcreates a Є░STRINGнё item and returns its ░itemHandleн. Each of these functions takes optional arguments └`░DIfor the text value of the item. If you know the value you can supply it: ВP7ЗUT└ord,itemHandle tagStr = newString("Emphasis"); ВQ-└ГИ,lYOr you can pass нЇ░NULLнє as the text value and set the value later. ВR└ШИ,$aYou can also generate items from the familiar MIF text forms. When you know exactly what MIF you └и`<АLАwant, you use Ў│strToMIF│()нї. It parses a string as a MIF statement and converts it to a sequence of items: ВS7ЗUT└╢╡Рd9itemHandle basePara = strToMIF(">"); Аt-└╦8JА,АOr you can make MIF by inserting program variables into a pattern of static text with ў°│patToMIF│()н. It └┌8JDIis used much the way you use the C library function ░sprintf()н. ВT7ЗUT└шНЮdIitemHandle xrm = patToMIF(" >",pszXrSource); ВU-└№8H${The selection of substitution formats is ╟notн the same as ░sprintf()н. It is designed for easy generation ┴8HDZof MIF. For example, the pattern ╥░%Rн╙ generates ╥░>н╙. В┴!XА,АOnce you have an item of any kind, you can clone a copy of it it using l E│copyItem│()н P. This function makes P┴0шhАa new item that is a duplicate of an existing one. When the item is a н Q░LISTн R (lists are discussed starting ┬d┴hKГtГt┬4┴8LB┬4┴8┴- №ГtВ-И╪ААon S│page26н T), U│copyItem│()н V does a ╥deep copy,╙ duplicating the contents of the list as well. Copying an item Ш░ А~is somewhat faster than using W│strToMIF│()н к to create an item, so when you need many copies of an item, Я░ АLFcreate one with л│strToMIF│()н м and then copy it. ВW1ЙUT└E▌ДlёHow Are Items Edited? ВX-└[И.$dEvery item has a text value that can be retrieved, tested or changed. When you are finished with an └jИ.Ditem, you can recycle it. ВY1ЙUT└Г▌Вl(ЄHow Is Text Retrieved and Changed? ВZ-└ЩИ,dEvery item has a text value: В[└п`<l.·░WORDн∙╤the text of the word В\└┬8LlL№░STRINGн√╤the text of the string (without the apostrophes) В]└╘\lJ■░CMTн¤╤the text of the comment (without the leading ╥#╙) В^lq░NUMBERн ╤the numeric text, including sign and decimal point if any, but not including the unit В_lА░LISTн╤the name of the list (without the ╥<╥), like ░MTypeн, ░AFrameн, or ░PgfCatalogн. В`lT░EOLн╤the text of any #comment that followed the list-ending ╥>╙. Вa┴#pЬА,А You retrieve the text of any item using B│textOf│()н. The returned value is the address of a string that ├must RC┴2pЬjbe treated as read-onlyн. This is because text values are shared among items. All items with the same ┬d┴hNГuГu┬4┴8OD┬4┴8┴ ЎГuВa-ntext value share a single copy of the string. No matter how many ░н statements there are, there |is only one string ░"Para"н stored, and every ░н list item points to it. In the same way, all numbers D2with value ░"1"н use the same string ╥1╙. Вb╗╪АlАYou change the text of an item using A│changeText│()н. This changes only the item whose handle you pass. Вc1ЙUT└U-dlєHow is Text Compared? Вd-└k░А,А You compare the text of an item to a character string using @│textCmp│()н . This function calls ░strcmp()н. └z░DThe expression Вe7ЗUT└ЙrdtextCmp(anItem,"Yes") Вf-└Ь░dis equivalent to Вg7ЗUT└лpdstrcmp(textOf(anItem),"Yes") Вh-└╛░dCwith the addition of checking for an invalid ░itemHandleн. Вi└╙░$hOften you want to compare for equality of text between two items. There is a quick way to do this using └уИ*АА?│equalText│()н . This returns ░1н when the two items have identical text, ░0н when they don╒t. Since string └фpА|values are shared, │equalText│()н does a pointer comparison, rather than comparing the strings. Hence ┴`:DYwhen you have many comparisons to make, it pays to create an item to use as a comparand. Вj7ЗUT┴╡Оd'itemHandle paraName = newWord("Para") QВk┴╡Мd)while (equalText(paraName,testItem))... ┬d┴hQГvГv┬4┴8RF┬4┴8└ №ГvВl1ЙUTЙUTlЇHow are Items Compared? -Я╪,|The text-comparison functions don╒t compare the types of items, so a ░WORDн ╥Yes╙ is textually equal to a п░Lr░STRINGн ╘Yes╒ (or a н░LISTн or н░CMTн #Yes). В└EИ.А,АThe >│equalItem│()н function compares items for identical type and contents, as well as equal text. Two └TИ.D#items are equal in this sense when Вo└iИ.dtheir types are equal Вp└{И.dtheir texts are equal Вq└tZ╚d.if they are numbers, their units are the same Вr└вИ.$cIn addition, when the items are lists, the same test is applied recursively to their contents. For └▒И.Dzexample, two ░н lists are equal only if all the ░н and other items inside them are equal. Вs1ЙUT└╩▌ВlЎHow Are Items Recycled? Вt-└с`<,kWhen you no longer need an item, you can have MIFFEd~ discard the item. The memory it occupied is └ё8LААrecycled to make new items. To recycle an item and all items linked to it, you call =│trashSequence│()н. To P┴*=┬АLАextract a single item from a sequence and recycle it, closing the sequence up, you call <│trashNext│()н. ┬d┴hTГwГw┬4┴8UH┬4┴8┴ №Б(Б(Б(ГwВu1ЙUTЙUTl-їHow Do You Navigate Sequences of Items? Вv-Ю ■$cItems are chained in sequence. Some items are lists, which contain sequences of items within them. н ■DTake for example Вw7ЗUT╝URd1itemHandle s = strToMIF(" `pqr╒ "); WВx-└O № l3This creates the sequence of items in memory: ┬d┴hWГxГx┬4┴8XJ┬4┴8┴, тГxВz-И╪А,АThere are two functions for traversing a sequence. ;!│nextInList│()н returns the handle of the item that Ч╪Dwfollows ├at the same level of nestingн. The following loop (applied to ░itemHandle sн declared above): В{7ЗUTж-dditemHandle p; В|│-bd$for( p = s; (p); p=nextInList(p) ) В}╖ №d{ puts(textOf(p)); } В~-└S╪ dprints the strings В7ЗUT└b-^da Г└o-\dpqr Г└Д▌zdb Г-└П╪dfThe loop visits only the items at the same nesting level as the first item, the list ░н. ЖV└е░А,А:#│nextItem│()н" returns the handle of the next item in textual sequence, without regard to list nesting. └╡И$АL9The same loop using о│nextItem│()н п: Г7ЗUT└├▌xd$for( p = s; (p); p = nextItem(p) ) Г└╨▌vd{ puts(textOf(p)); } Г└╛╥Мda В/d1 Вyd(empty line for the EOL item) В0dpqr В1db Вnd2 AВ+d3 ┬d┴hZГyГy┬4┴8[L┬4┴8┴& №ГyГj7ЗUTЗUTd(empty line for EOL) Г-Ъ ■d-This loop visits every item in the sequence. ЖW░╪АlrTwo specialized list navigation functions discussed with list management starting on &│page26н%. Г1ЙUT└N-blфHow Are Numbers Used? Г -└d░lgWhen parsing the text of a number to make a (░NUMBERн' item, АMIFFEdБ accepts: Г └y░da leading minus sign Г└Л░dleading digits Г└Л`<da decimal point Г dtrailing digits Г└┼И,,xВMIFFEdГ is quite liberal, accepting ╥░-.1н╙ as a number, for example. (These rules may be more liberal └╘И,Dthan Frame itself supports.) Г└ъ`<,uThe numeric characters become the text of the *░NUMBERн) item. The text is not stored as a number in └·8LАА3binary, but as a string, just as if the н {░NUMBERн r were a н }░WORDн |. You can retrieve this string with ,│textOf│()н+. 0└╚pЬААHowever, you can also retrieve the number╒s value converted to ░doubleн using 9.│floatOf│()н-, or converted to ААinteger using 81│integerOf│()н0. These functions use the standard C conversion functions ░strtod()н and R0┴(шlDstrtol()н. ┬d┴h]ГzГz┬4┴8^N┬4┴8┴2 ·ГzЖ9-И╪А,АYou can also replace the number╒s text using н У│changeText│()н Д, or you can change it based on a float or int Ш░ АLtvalue using В │changeFloat│()н ~ or Г Б│changeInt│()н А, respectively. ГоИ0,{After collecting the numeric text, 2MIFFEd3 scans for a unit, which can be a double-quote (░"н), a percent ╜И0m(░%н), or any alphabetic string. The unit can be set off by white space or not. Here are examples of ╜░ Dacceptable numbers: Г7ЗUT└Z▌Дd51 >3.14159%6249 pica-.5cm2.5"18 furlong Г-└o`>,xUp to two characters of unit text are saved in the нД░NUMBERнЕ item. When the unit is longer than 2 └~`>D[characters, its first and last letters are saved. The unit texts of the above numbers are: Г7ЗUT└М╡Тd(null)%pacm"fg Г-└б8LА,АYou can retrieve the unit text of a 5░NUMBERн6 using 78│unitTextOf│()н7. You can change the unit text with АMА6:│changeUnitText│()н9. Note that this function only changes the unit string; the numeric text is unchanged. Г└╞\$fAny alphabetic character that follows digits is taken as the start of a unit, like the word ╥furlong╙ └╒\dshown above. Thus if a word is to follow a number, the number must have an explicit unit. This is a 0 _Фdbasic ambiguity in MIF syntax. Fortunately I know of no Frame MIF statements that do require a word cto follow a number. In MIF as written by Frame, numbers are always followed by other numbers or by Dthe end of a list. Г┴шlА,АYou can retrieve the unit type as a member of ░enum unitMeasuresн using 5<│measureOf│()н;. The measures ┴&шlDof the preceding examples are: WГ7ЗUTЗUTd.UM_NAUM_NAUMP_PCUM_CMUM_INUM_NA ┬d┴h`Г{Г{┬4┴8aP┬4┴8┴) ЎГ{Г-Ы╪А,АYou can tell when a number has a meaningful unit: >│measureOf│()н= does not return @╣um_naн?. When this is л░ААso, you can convert the number from one unit to another. Basic to this is the 4B│millimetersOf│()нA function, ║░cwhich returns the value of a number converted to millimeters. You can use this function to compare └U░D#numbers that have different units. Г7ЗUT└Xrd1itemHandle cc = strToMIF("1 cc"); // one cicero Г└epdDitemHandle cm = strToMIF("0.452cm"); // one cicero, in centimeters Г└К░d?equalItem(dd,cm) // returns 0 because the texts are different ГdFmillimetersOf(cc) == millimetersOf(dd) // returns 1, values are same Г-└УИ&А,АWhen a number has a meaningful unit, you can convert it to a different unit using 3D│convertUnit│()нC. It └вИ&D1changes both the numeric text and the unit text. Г1ЙUT└┐▌zl $How Are Lists Manipulated? Г-└╓`4,pWhat Frame calls a ╥statement,╙ ЖMIFFEdЗ calls a list. A list begins with ╥<╥ followed by a word, which └х`4lis the name of the list (Frame calls it the ╥operator╙ of the ╥statement╙). The list ends with ╥>╙. Between └й╡ТD^the name and the ╥>╙ there can be zero or more other items of any kind╤including other lists. Г ┴ `4$bThe list is the only structural form in MIF. Lists with designated names represent the parts of a ┴`4Ddocument, for example: Г!0┴*`4dFн contains the document format and preference values QГ"d4н contains the paragraph catalog ┬d┴hcГ|Г|┬4┴8dR┬4┴8└ ъГ|Г#0d=н contains the value of a marker of some type Г$-/$hClearly the heart of your program lies in identifying, selecting, and modifying lists of various names. ╛╪LnИMIFFEdЙ treats all lists alike, but it gives you the basic tools to search for them and modify them. Г%1ЙUT└X-dl√How Are Lists Recognized? Г&-└n░А,АThe name of a list is its text. You retrieve it with F│textOf│()нE and compare it with H│textCmp│()нG and А А!J│equalText│()нI. The following function uses L│readOneItem│()нK to scan a MIF file for the ░н, and └НИ.DPreturns its handle. It recycles any other list it sees before the Xref Catalog. Г'7ЗUT└Ы▌ВditemHandle findXRC(FILE *f) { Г(└и▌Аd*itemHandle w = readOneItem(f,KEEP_CMT); Г)┴╡┼ьd-for(; (w); w = readOneItem(f,KEEP_CMT) ) { Г*d&if (0 == textCmp(w,"XrefCatalog")) Г+dreturn w; Вmd else ГdtrashSequence(w); Гid} Г,dreturn NULL; AГkd} ┬d┴hfГ}Г}┬4┴8gT┬4┴8┴) юГ}Г-1ЙUTЙUTl.■How Are the Contents of Lists Processed? Г.-Я╪А,xOnce you have a list you can process its contents as a sequence of items, using M│nextItem│()нN and А АO│nextInList│()нP. But often you want to find a particular list within a list by name╤for example, you want ╛░DLto find a ░н within the ░н list. Г/└TИ.А,А'The 2R│firstOfName│()нS and 1V│nextSameName│()нU function work as a pair. They let you write a ░forн loop that └cИ.DАlocates every list ░н within some list ░н. Here is a loop that finds every ░н in a ░н. Г07ЗUT└q▌ВditemHandle pgfCat, pgf; Г1└~▌Аd3// here set pgfCat to handle of list Г2└тeмd&for( pgf = firstOfName(pgfCat,"Pgf") Г3d ; (pgf) Г4d; pgf = nextSameName(pgf) ) Г5d{ Г6d,// here process pgf-> one statement Г7d} Г8-└рИ$nThis same loop appears over and over in the example programs. It is used to find every ░н in a 0└яИАн, every ░н within ░н, every ░н with a ░н, every ░н in a ░н, -├UЦ┤Dand so forth. ЖX┴Иd QЖY №kjЄd ┬d┴hiГ~Г~ ┬4┴8jV┬4┴8┴2 ъБ/ВГ~Гl1ЙUTЙUTl#How Can Catalogs Be Searched? Г9-Ю ■d=A Frame document has many catalogs that use this basic form: Г:7ЗUTнURd<╚catalog Г;║UPdR<╚entryname╖ <╚tagname╖ ╚tag╖> ╚stuff╖ ...> ... Г>└EUPd> # end ╚catalog╖ WГ?-└Z °@l7The following table lists all these combinations:W ┬d┴hlГГ!┬4┴8mX┬4┴8┴ ■ГГA-И╪А,АThe 0Z│findTaggedList│()нY function allows you to access entries in these catalogs directly, given the catalog Ч╪DPhandle, the entry name, the tag name, and the tag value for the entry you want. ГBн░ А,АFinally, you can use /]│containerOf│()н\ to move ╥up╙ from any item to the list that contains it╤for example, ╜И0АА5from a ░н to the ░н to the ░н. н_│containerOf│()н^ is quick when applied to a нa░LISTн`, ╜░ АА6since a нc░LISTнb contains the handle of its container. You can apply нe│containerOf│()нd to a non-нg░LISTнf also; it А А6uses i│nextInList│()нh to find its way to the нk░EOLнj, from which it can quickly find the нm░LISTнl. Since MIF lists are └l8PD7typically short, this normally takes very little time. ГC1ЙUT└ЕНдl-How Are the Contents of Lists Modified? ГD-└Ы8N$gOnce you find a list you can modify its contents. You can change the contents of simple items within a └л^АА0list using o│changeText│()нn, q│changeUnitText│()нp, and s│convertUnit│()нr, as described earlier. But you can also └║^D\change the composition of the list by deleting items, inserting items, and appending items. ГE└╧^dVLists in memory are set up so you can insert or append items to them in minimal time. ГF└фшnА,А.u│insert│(нtaList,anItem) inserts ░*anItemн as the new first item of the list, immediately following the name └єшnD of the list. ГG┴ └~А,А -w│append│(нvaList,anItem) appends ░*anItemн as the new last item in the list, immediately preceding the ╥>╙ P┴└~Dat the end. ┬d┴hoДД"┬4┴8pZ┬4┴8┴# ЄДГH-И╪А,АNormally you will use y│append│()нx since it allows you to build up a list in left-to-right order, as you╒d read Ч╪D or write it. ГIн░ А,АYou can remove any item from a list using ,|│yankNext│(н{anyItem). It removes ~│nextItem│(н}anyItem) and ╜И0ААcloses up the sequence. When you apply А│yankNext│()н to the handle of a list, it yanks the first item in the └LИ0DMlist. If you apply it repeatedly, you will remove all the items in the list. ГJ└b`@А,}В│yankNext│()нБ returns the handle of the yanked item so you can use it elsewhere. If you merely want to └r8PАLgdiscard it, use *Д│trashNext│()нГ instead. Here is a loop that empties a list: ГK7ЗUT└АНдd<for(; EOL!=itemType(nextItem(aList)); trashNext(aList) ) ; ГL-└Х^,АThe preceding example is correct provided that ░aListн is indeed the itemHandle of a нЖ░LISTнЕ item. But if └дшnА3that loop is entered with нИ░NULLнЗ or with the handle of a non-нК░LISTнЙ, it can loop forever looking for an нМ░EOLнЛ └│шnD1that will never appear. Here is a safer version: ГM7ЗUT└┬=┬d+for(; EOL!=itemType(nextItem(aList)); ) { ГN└╧=└d'if (NA < itemType(nextItem(aList)) ) ГO└▄╨dtrashNext(aList); ГPd+else // nextItem(aList) is NULL, not EOL ГQd break; ГRd} Г@-┴└rА,А If your objective is to replace the body of a list with different contents, use )Х│replaceBody│()нФ. It replaces P┴&└rhthe contents of a list with another item (or item sequence). The following function takes the handle of ┬d┴hrДД#┬4┴8s\┬4┴8┴ ЇД Г@-ra list that represents some Frame graphic object and ensures that, if the given object contains a ░н D%list, its value is the given number. Д-7ЗUTеUTd)void setPen(itemHandle obj, int penNo) { Д.▓URd*itemHandle pen = firstOfName(obj,"Pen"); Д0╖ №d+if (pen) /* it has a and pen->it */ Д2d'replaceBody(pen,newInt(penNo,NULL)); Д/d} Д1-└l Ў$hMost graphic objects have a ░н statement that specifies the pen used to draw them. The pen └{ Ўwnumber is from 0 to 15. The body of a ░н list is just a number. Having found a ░н list, this └f ·Dcfunction replaces that body with a new item, a number with no unit made from the integer argument. ЖT1ЙUT└иUJl" How Is ASCII Text Extracted? ГS-└╜ Ї$kIt is ironic that, although the whole point of a Frame document is to store text, it is quite difficult to └╠ Їcextract the text from it. In a MIF file, the text in any text column or table cell is found inside 0┴кЦvн lists, which in turn are inside ░н lists. (Examine a MIF file now; this discussion will b-rbe much easier to follow if you do.) The ░н lists reflect the line breaks as they were when the hfile was saved. Of course, those line breaks are very ephemeral. Any change in character, paragraph, or DNpage style, or any editing change, will cause the lines to break differently. ┬d┴huДД$┬4┴8v^┬4┴8┴8Д!Ж_-d2Inside any you find text in two forms: Ж`0dmн lists, where the text is either ASCII or special characters in ░\x┬nnн form Жb/d~н lists, for example ░н, ░н, or ░ Жa-D$rMixed in with these are a large number of non-text items, each represented as a list: ░н lists when S|the character style changes;░ н lists for markers; ░н or ░н to represent the RD'anchor of a frame or table; and so on. Жcw$gThis reflects the richness of Frame╒s document format, but when you merely want to extract the text of └Ж╪ААa paragraph, the complexity can be daunting. That╒s where н │paraScan│()н comes in. You present it with a 0└Х╪Dcн list and it extracts the text for you, one character at a time. Here╒s how you use it: Жd-└л░ А,АCall н │paraScanInit│()н , passing the handle of a ░н list╤and your selection from a large palette of └║░ boptions specifying how to handle special characters and non-text items. The returned value is the └┘D5handle of a special object, a paragraph scan object. Жf└▄И0АlАOptionally, call н │paraScanCount│()н to find out how many lines (░н lists) this ░н has. Жg└┴└ААlwOptionally, call │paraScanLine│()н to set your scan object to a specified line in the paragraph. ЖhАlzCall │paraScan│()н . It returns the next character from the paragraph, and advances the scan object. ЖiАl}Continue calling │paraScan│()н until it returns ─░NULLн ├, indicating end of paragraph. ЖeИ╪А,АThe │paraScan│()н function is designed to be used in several different ways. This is reflected in the large PШ░ А}number of option flags you can pass to │paraScan│()н (detailed in tables on the reference page). Using ┬d┴hxДД%┬4┴8y`┬4┴8┴" ■Д"Жe-з░ ethem you can retrieve only the ASCII, skipping special characters like к and ─, or you can have them ╢░ breturned. If you skip them, you can have them replaced with spaces or just hidden╤and if you have 0hthem as spaces, you can have multiple spaces compressed to single ones or not. If you have the specials D\returned, you can have their native Frame byte codes, or you can have them as \xnn strings. ЖU└i░ $cThe special chars that have ISO Latin-1 encodings can be returned in ISO-8859-1 byte codes. Or you └x░ \can have the accented characters returned as their unaccented ASCII equivalents╤ш as E, for 0КЯ└finstance. Several specials look something like ASCII characters. You can have them converted to their D=ASCII relatives: em-dash to hyphen, fraction to slash, etc. Жj1ЙUT└┤tl#How Is MIF Written to a File? ГT-└╔░dHThere are two functions for converting in-memory items into ASCII text. ГU└▀И.А,А7(Ч│outItem│()нЦ converts a single item into text. You could use Щ│outItem│()нЪ and Ы│nextItem│()нШ in a loop to output └я`>А|readable MIF to any destination. However, Э│outItem│()нЮ has the failing that it does not know anything └■`>iabout the context of the item it is converting. Therefore it cannot produce the indentation and newlines ┬Г<Dthat make a MIF file readable. ГVИ╪А,АThe 'Я│writeMIF│()нЬ function takes a file and an itemHandle and writes the entire sequence of items to the А Аfile. б│writeMIF│()нв keeps track of the context of each item, including the nesting level of lists, so it can Pз░ DWgenerate newlines and indentation according to the rather complex rules used by Frame. ┬d┴h{ДД&┬4┴8|b┬4┴8┴ ■Д#Г`1ЙUT└EtlB╝How does нТ▒MIFFEdнУ▒ Handle Errors? Гa-└[И.,pThe ФMIFFEdХ functions have a uniform approach to errors. First, all functions test their arguments for └k`>АА'о░NULLнн and for invalid item types. For example, ░│convertUnit│()нп verifies that it has been give a non-▓░NULLн▒ └й╗}itemHandle that points to a н┤░NUMBERн│ with a valid unit. These tests have been coded as efficiently as └К8NDCpossible and should not impose an unacceptable amount of overhead. Гb└Я8Nd(When a function detects invalid input, Гc┴╥dit does not modify memory Гd└╞8Ndit writes a diagnostic message Гe└┘^ljit returns н╢░NULLн╡, or 0, or the address of a null string, whichever is appropriate Гf└ю^$gThere are also checks for internal errors, mostly due to the failure to allocate memory. These cause a └¤шnL^function to do nothing, write a diagnostic message, and return н╕░NULLн╖. Гg┴└~А,yDiagnostic messages are written using a single function, "╗│noteError│()н║, which currently uses 0┴"└~efprintf(stderr...)н. This is valid for UNIX and DOS, but will require changing for Windows, OS/2 R-┴2ШОLTor Macintosh. (Check for special versions of ЦMIFFEdЧ for these platforms.) ┬d┴h~ДД'┬4┴8d┬4┴8┴4 ■Д$ГW1ЙUTЦUTl(гWhat Are Trees? How Are They Used? ГX-л ■$fYour program will often need to extract information about the MIF file and save it for reference. For ║ ■gexample you might want to keep track of all the paragraph formats or font tags that are actually used; └JкиDgor you might want to save the handles of all the ░н, keying them to their ID numbers. ГY└_╪,nдMIFFEdе itself needed support for a binary tree. The same rather rudimentary support is available to └o░zyour program. It uses жMIFFEdз facilities for dynamic allocation of tree nodes and also uses the иMIFFEdй └~░DАLKnode in the tree, you call КЛ│treeEnter│()нМ with: Г[└╣`>dRthe address of the root treeHandle (not the handle value itself; a pointer to it) Г\└╦`>d*a string that is the key to the tree node Г]└╟ ъdUa void* value, or an expression you can cast to void*, as the value of the tree node Г^└є8NА,АTo retrieve the saved void* based on the key string, use НО│treeLook│()нП. To scan all the nodes of a tree in ┴^АLА'prefix order (lexical order by keys), use РС│treeScan│()н. To recycle all the nodes of a tree, use #$│trashTree│()н%. Г_$hThe advantage of using this tree support, aside from its simplicity, is the fact that the key string is Ч╪lstored the same way as all other &MIFFEd й strings. When the key string is the text of some MIF item Pж╪DC(which would be the typical case), it is not duplicated in memory. ┬d┴hБДД(┬4┴8Вf┬4┴8`Д%Д<-╗╪d Д=└P╪d Д>*d Д?d AД@d ┬d┴hИДД)┬4┴8Йh┬4┴8┴В В@Д&Д;6@l`-╢ ╜The нШ╢MIFFEdнЩ╢ Reference ╤ click to jump to name ╝ WДA-┴"H░d ┬d┴hЛДД*┬4┴8Мj┬4┴8└ЗД'+6l√append 2d,void append(itemHandle list,itemHandle ith) ,-п╪lАAdd item є░*ithнЇ to the list ¤░*listн■ as its new last item, just preceding the end of list ╥>╙. -└E░ АlА?If either ░listн or ░ithн is щ░NULLн¤, nothing is done. If 0│itemType│(н-░listн) is not ░LISTн■, nothing is done. Ж>л░ Аl-Discussion: н Н│page30н О Ж?АlXSee also: П│insert│, 56н Р; С│replaceBody│, 91н Т QЖ=└Ж`@d ┬d┴hОД Д +┬4┴8Пl┬4┴8└Я Д (.6lechangeFloat /2d/void changeFloat(itemHandle ith, float newval) 0-п╪,А Changes the numeric text of the Y░NUMBERн& item ї░*ithнЎ to reflect the newval argument. The new text is ┐░ ~produced by applying ░sprintf("%f")н to the argument. The item type of ў░*ithн° is not required to be 0Я░ x[░NUMBERн\; you can give a numeric text to any item if you wish. For treatment of other error cases see АL'9│changeText│()н8. Ж;└u8PАl-Discussion: н Е│page25н Ж Ж<┴ └ААlАSee also: н З│changeInt│, 41н И; н Й│changeText│, 42н К; Л│changeUnitText│, 43н М QЖ:└а`d ┬d┴hСД Д ,┬4┴8Тn┬4┴8└Я Д )16lhchangeInt 22d+void changeInt(itemHandle ith, int newval) 3-п╪,АChanges the numeric text of the ]░NUMBERн^ item u░*ithнZ to reflect the ░newvalн argument. The new text is ┐░ ~produced by applying ░sprintf("%d")н to the argument. The item type of w░*ithнv is not required to be 0Я░ x_░NUMBERн`; you can give a numeric text to any item if you wish. For treatment of other error cases see АL' m│changeText│()н l. Ж7└u8PАl-Discussion: н s│page25н t Ж8┴ └ААlАSee also: н u│changeFloat│, 40н v; н w│changeText│, 42н x; y│changeUnitText│, 43н z QЖ6└а`d ┬d┴h█ДД.┬4┴8▄p┬4┴8└с Д+76lchangeUnitText 82d0void changeUnitText(itemHandle ith, char *unit) 9-п╪,АReplace the unit text of the a░NUMBERнb item }░*ithн| with the first two bytes of the string ╕*unitн. When 0┐░ АL`=┤itemType┤(░>ith)н is not c░NUMBERнd, nothing is done. :-└UИ0,xWhen unit is ░NULLн, the number has no unit. This is valid; many MIF numbers have no unit. When unit └e`@Аis not ░NULLн, the first two characters, ░unit[0]н and ░unit[1]н, are stored as the unit text of the number. └t`@j(This differs from parsing a number in MIF text, when the first and last letters of the unit are stored.) └й`@lThe unit text is not checked for validity; any two bytes can be stored. However, if the unit is not a valid └У8PААone, А│measureOf│()н will report it as н g╣um_naн H, and it will not be possible to convert the number with АMgГ│convertUnit│()нВ or get its value with Ж│millimetersOf│()нЕ. Ж1└╕шpАl-Discussion: н a│page25н b Ж2└╬└ААliSee also: н c│convertUnit│, 45н d; н e│millimetersOf│, 60н f QЖ0└у└Аd А}└╖└v░ [У ЭАWs└╖└v░ [У У АXWБ>:ЖккОккdMeasureА}┴└v░ └ЫУ ЯАWrt┴└v░ └ЫУ У АXWБ?:ЖккОккd Unit StringsА}└╖└К░[П бАWsu└╖└К░[П П АXWБ@?ЖккМккdum_inА}┴└К░└ЫП гАWtv┴└К░└ЫП П АXWБA<ЖккМккd`"╒ or ╥in╙ or ╥ih╙А}└╖└Ъ░[П еАWuw└╖└Ъ░[П П АXWБB?ЖккМккdum_ptА}┴└Ъ░└ЫП зАWvx┴└Ъ░└ЫП П АXWБC<ЖккМккd╥pt╙А}└╖└к░[П йАWwy└╖└к░[П П АXWБD?ЖккМккdum_pcА}┴└к░└ЫП лАWxz┴└к░└ЫП П АXWБE<ЖккМккd ╥pc╙ or ╥pa╙А}└╖└║░[П нАWy{└╖└║░[П П АXWБF?ЖккМккdum_cmА}┴└║░└ЫП пАWz|┴└║░└ЫП П АXWБG<ЖккМккd╥cm╙А}└╖└╩░[П ▒АW{}└╖└╩░[П П АXWБH?ЖккМккdum_mmА}┴└╩░└ЫП │АW|~┴└╩░└ЫП П АXWБI<ЖккМккd╥mm╙А}└╖└┌░[П ╡АW}└╖└┌░[П П АXWБJ?ЖккМккdum_ccА}┴└┌░└ЫП ╖АW~А┴└┌░└ЫП П АXWБK<ЖккМккd ╥cc╙ or ╥co╙А}└╖└ъ░[П ╣АWА└╖└ъ░[П П АX WБL?ЖккМккdum_ddА}┴└ъ░└ЫП ╗АWА┴└ъ░└ЫП П АX WБM<ЖккМккd ╥dd╙ or ╥dt╙┬d┴h╜ДД-┬4┴8╛А┬4┴8└Я Д*46l5changeText 52d-void changeText(itemHandle ith,char *newval) 6-п╪А,А"Installs the characters ░*newvalн as the character value of the item y░*ithнx. When ░NA==;┤itemType┤(░:ith)н, ┐░ А"nothing is done. When ░newvalн is ░NULLн, the text of {░*ithнz is set to a null string. Note that when ЪMIFFEdЫ └N░ ihas stored a character string once, it never forgets it. Changing the text of an item from a long string └}░ D/to a short string does not release any memory. Ж3└sИ0Аl-Discussion: н h│page20н i Ж4║`@АlАSee also: н o│changeFloat│, 40н n; н q│changeInt│, 41н p; j│changeUnitText│, 43н k QЖ5└Ю`@d ┬d┴h▐Д Д /┬4┴8▀А┬4┴8└╪Д ,;6l[containerOf <2d(itemHandle containerOf(itemHandle *ith) =-п╪,АReturns the handle of the list that contains the item И░*ithнЗ. ЬMIFFEdЭ saves in a 2░LISTн1 item (only) the ╛╪АLАhandle of the list that contains it, so when ░LIST==░4┤itemType┤(░3ith)н, this is a one-step operation. >└T░ А,АWhen нК░LISTнЙ is not the type of the item, a sequential scan using нН│nextInList│()нМ is used to find the end of └c░ mthe containing list, which yields the handle of the list itself. Given typical MIF list lengths, this is not <D an especially costly operation. ?└ИИ0А,АMIf П░*ithнО is not contained within a list, the returned value is ░NULLн. Also if ░NA==6┤itemType┤(░7н∙░*ithн·░)н, the └Ш`@L,returned value is ░NULLн . Ж.└о8PАl-Discussion: н [│page30н \ Ж/┴(pаАlfSee also: н ]│firstOfName│, 54н ^; н _│nextInList│, 69н ` QЖ-└┘`d ┬d┴hсДД0┬4┴8тА┬4┴8└ъ ЄД-@6lБconvertUnit A2d7void convertUnit(itemHandle ith, enum unitMeasures um) B-п╪А,А$Converts the numeric value of the item С░*ithнР to have the unit of measure ░umн. When Ф│itemType│()нУ of ░ithн ┐░ ААCis not e░NUMBERнf, or when Ц│measureOf│()нХ ░ithн is Ш╣um_naнЧ, nothing is done. Otherwise Ъ│millimetersOf│()нЩ is └N░ Dsapplied to ░ithн and the result is divided by one of the following values, selected based on ░umн: C7ЗUT└]td#define UM_MM_MM 1.0 D└jrd#define UM_CM_MM 10.0 E└Ч░d#define UM_IN_MM 25.4 Fd#define UM_PT_MM 0.3527777778 Gd#define UM_PC_MM 4.233333334 Hd#define UM_CC_MM 4.52 Id#define UM_DD_MM UM_CC_MM/12.0 Ж+-└┐И"Аl-Discussion: н I│page26н N Ж,└╒`2АlgSee also: н O│measureOf│, 59н X; н Y│millimetersOf│, 60н Z QЖ*└ъ`2d ┬d┴hфДД1┬4┴8хА┬4┴8└║ Д.J6l╦copyItem K2d$itemHandle copyItem(itemHandle ith) L-п╪lICreates a new item with equal contents to нЬ░*ithнЫ. M└E░ А,АsWhen ░NA==?┤itemType┤(░@ith)н, ░NULLн is returned. When Ю░ithнЭ is a а░WORDнЯ, в░CMTнб, д░STRINGнг or g░NUMBERнh the └UИ0Lpreturned value is a handle to a new item with identical text (and unit text, for a i░NUMBERнj). N└jИ0А,АWhen░ LIST==A┤itemType┤(░Bith)н, the function recursively copies all the items contained in the list. The └yИ0DRreturned value is a handle to a new list with duplicate contents to the original. Ж'└П`@Аl(Discussion: F│page18н G Ж(└д`@d QЖ&└╟`@d ┬d┴hчДД2┬4┴8шА ┬4┴8└ ЄД/O6lйdumpItem P2d&void dumpItem(FILE* f,itemHandle ith) Q-п╪,АProduces a diagnostic display of the item ж░*ithне and writes it to the file ░fн. The display includes the type ╛╪lof the item, the value of its next-item pointer, and its text value. This display is for debugging purposes D0only and the output is not designed for beauty. Ж#└b╪d R7ЗUT└q-ddif (WORD == itemType(wd)) { S└~-bd... T└тИ,d} Ud#else { /* unexpected item type */ Аddfprintf(stderr,"oops #1\n"); БddumpItem(stderr,wd); Бd} Ж$-└╥╪dDiscussion: (none) Ж%└ш░Аl4See also: L│dumpSequence│, 48н M QЖ"└¤░d А}└╜[У ыАqА └╜[У У Аr WА:ЖккОккditemType()А}r└╜┴█У эАqААr└╜┴█У У Аr WА:ЖккОккdOutput TextА}└╨ [П яАqА А└╨ [П П Аr WА ;ЖккМккdwordА}r└╨ ┴█П ёАqААr└╨ ┴█П П Аr WА <ЖккМккd,one space followed by the text of the wordА}└р ■[П єАqАА└р ■[П П Аr WА;ЖккМккdstringА}r└р ■┴█П їАqААr└р ■┴█П П Аr WА<ЖккМккd<a left apostrophe, the string text, and a right apostropheА}└Ё ¤[П ўАqАА└Ё ¤[П П Аr WА ;ЖккМккdnumberА}r└Ё ¤┴█П ∙АqААr└Ё ¤┴█П П Аr WА<ЖккМккdLone space followed by the text of the number, followed by the unit if any.А}┴ №[П √АqАА┴ №[П П Аr WБ=;ЖккМккdlistА}r┴ №┴█П ¤АqААr┴ №┴█П П Аr WБN<ЖккМккd6╥<╥ followed by the text of the list (the list name)А}┴ √[П АqАА┴ √[П П Аr WБO;ЖккМккdcmtА}r┴ √┴█П АqААr┴ √┴█П П Аr WБP<ЖккМккd)╥#╙ followed by the text of the commentА}┴ ·[П АqАА┴ ·[П П Аr WБQ;ЖккМккdeolА}r┴ ·┴█П АqАr┴ ·┴█П П Аr WБR<ЖккМккdK╥>╙ followed, if a comment is present, by ╥#╙ and the text of the commentА}0[У FВAА,0[У У ВBWАH:ЖккОккd Letter XА}└с0┴lУ HВAА,А└с0┴lУ У ВBWАI:ЖккОккdSubstitution Value┬d┴hДД3┬4┴8А┬4┴8└РД0V6l╨dumpSequence W2d*void dumpSequence(FILE* f,itemHandle ith) X-п╪,{Produces a diagnostic display of a sequence of items starting with и░*ithнз. The display is written to the ┐░ ААfile ░fн. The display is the same as that produced by л│dumpItem│()нк, with the addition that each time a list └N░ D3is entered or exited, the list depth is indicated. Ж └c░ dDiscussion: (none) Ж!└yИ0Аl0See also: J│dumpItem│, 47н K QЖ└ОИ0d А}└C [Р ■JВAАА-└C [Р ■П ВBWАJ<ЖккМккdsА}└с└C ┴lР ■LВAА-А └с└C ┴lР ■П ВBWАK<ЖккМккdThe null-terminated string *sА}└T ¤[Р ■NВAАА.└T ¤[Р ■П ВBWАL<ЖккМккdQА}└с└T ¤┴lР ■PВAА.А"└с└T ¤┴lР ■П ВBWАM<ЖккМккdEThe null-terminated string *s enclosed in left and right apostrophesА}└e √[Р ■RВAА!А/└e √[Р ■П ВBWБS<ЖккМккdSА}└с└e √┴lР ■TВAА/А$└с└e √┴lР ■П ВBWБT<ЖккМккdDThe null-terminated string *s as a MIF string: ╛А}└v ∙[Р ■VВAА#А0└v ∙[Р ■П ВBWБU<ЖккМккdcА}└с└v ∙┴lР ■XВAА0А&└с└v ∙┴lР ■П ВBWБV<ЖккМккdThe character cА}└З ў[Р ■ZВAА%А1└З ў[Р ■П ВBWБW<ЖккМккdeА}└с└З ў┴lР ■\ВAА1А(└с└З ў┴lР ■П ВBWБX<ЖккМккd>The character c preceded by a backslash (╥e╙ is for ╥escape╙)А}└Ш ї[Р ■^ВAА'А2└Ш ї[Р ■П ВBWБY<ЖккМккdxА}└с└Ш ї┴lР ■`ВAА2А*└с└Ш ї┴lР ■П ВBWБZ<ЖккМккdZThe character c formatted as a MIF hex value: ╛"\xx "╝ (with trailing space)╛А}└й є[Р ■bВAА)А3└й є[Р ■П ВBWБ[<ЖккМккdfА}└с└й є┴lР ■dВAА3АC└с└й є┴lР ■П ВBWБ\<ЖккМккd@The result of converting the argument with ╛sprintf("%f",n)А}r0oУ iВAААr0oУ У ВBWБ]:ЖккОккdArgument TypeА}r└C oР ■kВAААr└C oР ■Р ■ВBWБ^@ЗUTНUTdchar *sА}r└T ¤oР ■mВAА А!r└T ¤oР ■Р ■ВBWБ_@ЗUTНUTdchar *sА}r└e √oР ■oВAА"А#r└e √oР ■Р ■ВBWБ`@ЗUTНUTdchar *sА}r└v ∙oР ■qВAА$А%r└v ∙oР ■Р ■ВBWБa@ЗUTНUTdchar cА}r└З ўoР ■sВAА&А'r└З ўoР ■Р ■ВBWБb@ЗUTНUTdchar cА}r└Ш їoР ■uВAА(А)r└Ш їoР ■Р ■ВBWБc@ЗUTНUTdchar cА}r└й єoР ■wВAА*А+r└й єoР ■Р ■ВBWБd@ЗUTНUTd double n┬d┴hДД5┬4┴8А4┬4┴8┴#Д2\6l╜equalItem ]2d*int equalItem(itemHandle a, itemHandle b) ^-/d]Compares the contents of two items. Returns 1 if they are the same, 0 if they are different. _└D╪А,А=When either ░C┤itemType┤(░Da)н or░ E┤itemType┤(░Fb)н is н░NAнм, the result is 0. Invalid items and null pointers are └S╪D(not comparable, even if ░a==bн. `└h╪$|If the types of ░aн and ░bн differ, the result is 0. Items of different types are unlike even if their text └w╪Dcontents are the same. a└Н░ ,АEWhen ░aн and ░bн are type нп░WORDно, н▒░CMTн░, or н│░STRINGн▓, they are equal only if their texts are the same. The text └ЭИ0hcomparison is a comparison of handles to ЮMIFFEdЯ unique string storage, so it is faster than a └мИ0Dcomparison of strings. b└┬`@,АWhen ░aн and ░bн are type k░NUMBERнl, they are equal only if their texts and their units are the same. Two └╤`@anumbers could represent the same absolute numeric value yet be different because their units are └╜`@cdifferent; for example 72pt and 1in are numerically equal but are unequal to this function because └Ё8PАLutheir texts and units differ. Use ╡│millimetersOf│()н┤ to compare the numeric values of numbers. c┴`,АWhen ░aн and ░bн are type ╖░LISTн╢, their names are compared. If those are the same, the function applies ┴`gitself recursively to compare the contents of the two lists. The lists must contain equal items in the P┴U`D'same sequence in order to be the same. ┬d┴h&ДД6А}└■ щ[Р ■┤ВAА<А8└■ щ[Р ■П ВBWАZ<ЖккМккdHА}r└■ щoР ■╢ВAА7А9r└■ щoР ■Р ■ВBWА[7ЗUTНUTdno argumentА}└с└■ щ┴lР ■╕ВAА8└с└■ щ┴lР ■П ВBWА\>ЖккМккdА}└э ы[Р ■║ВAА?А;└э ы[Р ■П ВBWА]<ЖккМккdBА}r└э ыoР ■╝ВAА:А<r└э ыoР ■Р ■ВBWБn7ЗUTНUTdno argumentА}└с└э ы┴lР ■╛ВAА;А7└с└э ы┴lР ■П ВBWА_>ЖккМккdА}└▄ э[Р ■└ВAАBА>└▄ э[Р ■П ВBWБe<ЖккМккdTА}r└▄ эoР ■┬ВAА=А?r└▄ эoР ■Р ■ВBWБf7ЗUTНUTdno argumentА}└с└▄ э┴lР ■─ВAА>А:└с└▄ э┴lР ■П ВBWБg>ЖккМккdА}└╦ я[Р ■╞ВAАEАA└╦ я[Р ■П ВBWБh<ЖккМккdRА}r└╦ яoР ■╚ВAА@АBr└╦ яoР ■Р ■ВBWБi7ЗUTНUTdno argumentА}└с└╦ я┴lР ■╩ВAАAА=└с└╦ я┴lР ■П ВBWБj>ЖккМккdА}└║ ё[Р ■╠ВAА+АD└║ ё[Р ■П ВBWБk<ЖккМккdiА}r└║ ёoР ■╬ВAАCАEr└║ ёoР ■Р ■ВBWБl7ЗUTНUTdint jА}└с└║ ё┴lР ■╨ВAАDА@└с└║ ё┴lР ■П ВBWБm<ЖккМккd@The result of converting the argument with ╛sprintf("%d",j)┬d┴hДД4┬4┴8АF┬4┴8QД1Y6l╙dumpStats Z2dvoid dumpStats(FILE *f) [-/$qProduces a display listing a number of internal counters on the file░ fн. The display includes counts of >enumbers of items of different types created and recycled, and other counts. The exact display is not PDJspecified and can change from release to release; or might even be empty. ┬4┴8'А6┬4┴8~Д3d-И╪,АWhen ░aн and ░bн are type ╣░EOLн╕, the result is ░(a==b)н. It makes no real sense to compare the ends of lists; Ч╪D7however any valid item should compare equal to itself. Жн░ А,АTo compare only text values without regard to item types or the contents of lists, use н @│equalText│()н 7. To ╜И0АLHcompare text to a literal, use н B│textCmp│()н A. Ж└S`@Аl-Discussion: н 8│page21н 9 Ж└i`АlАSee also: н :│equalText│, 52н ;; <│textCmp│, 93н =; н >│textOf│, 94н ? QЖ└~8Pd ┬d┴h)ДД7┬4┴8*АI┬4┴8┴ ЇД4e6lequalText f2d)int equalText(itemHandle a,itemHandle b) g-/$dCompares the text of two items and returns 1 if it is the same, 0 if different. The purpose of this >D.function is to make a quick test of equality. h7ЗUT└LUTd*itemHandle cmp = strToMIF(""); i└YURd<for (scan=nextItem(para); (scan); scan=nextInList(scan)) { j╖ №d:if (equalText(scan,cmp)) /* yes, *scan is a paraline */ БddoParaLine(scan); kd} l-└У Ўd_The comparison is quick because only string handles need to be compared, not the full strings. Б└й╪А,АTo compare items for equal contents, use н┐│equalItem│()н╛. To compare the text of an item to a literal, use А А D│textCmp│()н C. To implement an ordered comparison of the text values of items, use ╝│textOf│()н╗ with 0└╚░D strcmp()н as in this macro. m7ЗUT└╫jd4#DEFINE ITEMCMP(a,b) (strcmp(textOf(a),textOf(b))) Ж-└ыИ$Аl-Discussion: н 0│page20н 1 Ж┴`4АlАSee also: н 6│equalItem│, 50н %; 2│textCmp│, 93н 3; н 4│textOf│, 94н 5 QЖ┴`4d ┬d┴h,ДД8┬4┴8-АK┬4┴8└▐ Д5n6lXfindTaggedList o2$0itemHandle findTaggedList(itemHandle container, )char * listName, 0Rchar * tagName, Dchar * tagValue) p-Y$dLook up a list containing a specific tag value, in a containing list. For example, in the container 0hDlн, look up the particular ░н that contains the tag list ░н. q-└}╪А,А ░LISTн must be the ░└┤itemType┤(░┴container)н. If ░*containerн does not contain a list whose name equals 0└М╪q*listNameн, containing a list whose name equals ░*tagNameн, followed by an item with character value -└Ь░ LNequal to ░*tagValueн, the returned value is G░NULLнH. Ж└▓И0Аl-Discussion: н *│page30н + Ж┴░ АlhSee also: н ,│firstOfName│, 54н -; н .│nextSameName│, 70н / QЖ└▌`@d ┬d┴h#ДД9┬4┴8$АM┬4┴8└е Д6r6lQfirstOfName s2d4itemHandle firstOfName(itemHandle list, char *name) t-п╪,АIn the list ├░*listн┬, look for the first list whose name text is equal to ░*nameн, and return its handle. For ╛╪DNexample, find the first ░н within a ░н. u└T░ А,А4If ┼░LISTн─ is not ░I┤itemType┤(░Jlist)н, or if ░*listн░ нcontains no list with a matching name, the returned └dИ0L#value is ░NULLн. Ж└z`@Аl-Discussion: н &│page28н ' Ж└╖`Аl4See also: (│nextSameName│, 70н ) QЖ└е8Pd ┬d┴hяДД:┬4┴8ЁАO┬4┴8└РД7v6l floatOf w2ddouble floatOf(itemHandle ith) x-п╪,|Converts the numeric text of the item ╟░*ithн╞ to floating point and returns it. The conversion is effected ╛╪ААwith library function░ strtod()н. When ░NA==K┤itemType┤(░Lith)н the returned value is ░0н. When the item Dndoes not have a valid number as its text value, the returned value is that of ░strtod()н, probably 0. Ж └c░ Аl-Discussion: н │page24н Ж└╩8PАlgSee also: н │integerOf│, 57н ; н │millimetersOf│, 60н QЖ└ОИ0d ┬d┴h9ДД;┬4┴8:АQ┬4┴8└ЦД8y6l]insert z2d,void insert(itemHandle list,itemHandle ith) {-п╪,А Inserts the item ░*ithн as the new first item in the list ╚░*listн╔, immediately following the name of the ╛╪Dlist. |└T░ АlА1If either ░listн№ or ith is ╩░NULLн√, or if ░LISTн is not ░M┤itemType┤(░Nlist)н, nothing is done. Ж└Л`@Аl-Discussion: н │page30н ! ЖАlbSee also: н "│append│, 39н ; н $│replaceBody│, 91н # QЖ└Х`@d ┬d┴h<ДД<┬4┴8=АS┬4┴8└Я Д9}6l/integerOf ~2dlong integerOf(itemHandle ith) -п╪,{Converts the text value of the item ╦░*ithн╠ to integer and returns the value. The conversion is done with ╛╪ААthe library function ░strtol()н. When ░NA==O┤itemType┤(░Pith)н the returned value is 0. When the echaracter value of the item does not start with a valid integer representation the returned value is 0Dstrtol()н╒s, probably 0. Ж -└r░ Аl-Discussion: н │page24н Ж┴ `АleSee also: н │floatOf│, 55н ; н │millimetersOf│, 60н QЖ└ЭИ0d ┬d┴h?ДД=┬4┴8@АU┬4┴8└У ■Д:А6lТitemType А2d(enum itemTypes itemType(itemHandle ith) А-п╪lА:Returns the type of the item ═░*ithн╬. If ░ithн is ░NULLн or points to a non-Item, the returned value is н ░NAн . Ж └D╪d А7ЗUT└S-ddBfor(scan=list; EOL!=itemType(scan); scan=nextItem(scan)) { ... } Ж-└f╪d Ж└|░Аl-Discussion: н │page14н QЖ└С░d ┬d┴hBДД>┬4┴8CАW┬4┴8┴% °rАД;А6l~measureOf А2d,enum unitMeasures measureOf(itemHandle ith) А-п╪А,АCReturns a value that reflects the unit text of the item ╧░*ithн╨. When ░ithн is ░NULLн, or ░Q┤itemType┤(░Rith)н is ┐░ А¬ m░NUMBERнn, or when the unit text of ╤░*ithн╥ is null or is not recognized, the returned value is н ╣um_naн■. └N░ @L2Otherwise the value is one of the following:Ї Ж└·И(Аl-Discussion: н │page25н Ж┴`8АlАSee also: │changeUnitText│, 43н ; │millimetersOf│, 60н ; │unitTextOf│, 101н QЖ┴%`8d ┬d┴hEДД?┬4┴8FАY┬4┴8┴ ЄД<А6lДmillimetersOf А2d%double millimetersOf(itemHandle ith) А-п╪,{Converts the numeric value of the item ╙░*ithн╘ to millimeters, based on its unit, and returns that value. ╛╪D4For example, the millemeter value of ╥2in╙ is 50.8. А└T░ А,А*When ░UM_NA==S┤measureOf┤(░<ith)н, ╒░*ithн╓ is not a o░NUMBERнp or has an unknown or null unit. In this case, └dИ0ААthe returned value is 0.0. Otherwise the convers